Egypt Country Profile on SWM
Country profile on the Solid Waste Management situation in Egypt (2010)
EN, FR, AR [1.5 Mb]
Country report on the Solid Waste Management in Egypt (2010)
EN, FR [2.5 Mb]
Background Information
| Population: | 78.2 million (year 2010) |
| Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Generation: | 19.7 million tons (2009) |
| Per Capita MSW Generation: |
0.7 – 1.0 kg/day (urban areas) 0.4 – 0.5 kg/day (rural areas) |
| MSW Generation Growth: | 3.4% per year |
| Medical waste generation: | 40 000 tons/year |
| Industrial waste: | 6.2 MT/year |
| Hazardous waste: | 0.2 MT/year |
| Agricultural waste: | 23 MT/year |
Technical Performance
Municipal Waste:
|
|
| MSW Collection Coverage: |
0 - 35% in rural areas 40 - 90% in urban areas |
| MSW Final Destination: |
9% : Composted 2.5% : Recycled 5% : Landfilled 83.5% : Open dumped |
| Number of operational sanitary landfills: |
3 : Under construction 5 : Constructed 5 : Operational |
Hazardous and industrial Waste:
|
|
| Number of hazardous landfills or plants (Chemical and physical treatment) |
0 : Under construction 1 : Constructed 1 : Operational |
| Types of disposal and treatments for medical waste |
Incineration: 151 units Sterilization (Autoclave): 48 units |
Policy and Planning Environment
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Solid Waste Management
- The National Strategy For Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management (2000)
- Egypt’s Country Report published by METAP Regional Solid Waste Management Project (2004)
- A strategic framework for the municipal solid waste recycling sector (2006)
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Hazardous Waste Management
- The national strategy for healthcare facility hazardous waste management
- An Integrated Strategy for Hazardous Substances and Waste Management (in the course of preparation).
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Private Sector Participation
- A strategy on private sector participation (PSP) in SWM is in the course of preparation.
Legal Framework
- Egypt doesn’t have a SWM law
- General legislations: Law 38/1967 on General Public Cleaning and Law 4/1994 for the Protection of the Environment and their amendments
Institutional Framework
- For Policy and planning: The Central Government
- For implementation: A steering committee of Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs (MSEA), Ministry of Local Development and Ministry of Finance
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For Operation
- Governorates are responsible for all SWM activities either directly or by contracting private sector companies.
- Municipalities are responsible for implementation of the system, monitoring, inspection and training
Finance and Cost Recovery Arrangements
- SWM financing: it is the responsibility of the Governorates to allocate their respective SWM budget.
-
SWM costs:
- Total cost from collection to disposal: 100 – 110/ton LE in Greater Cairo and Alexandria, and less than 60 LE/ton in other Governorates. (1 USD = 5.61 LE)
- The cost recovery: about 70 LE/ton
- Total cost recovery: 200 million LE per year
Private Sector Involvement
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For cleaning and transfer
- Nine private companies (including three international companies) are involved in waste collection in big governorates
- The informal sector “zabbaleen” and small private companies perform door to door collection in other locatios
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For treatment and recycling
- International companies ISWM contracts involve sorting, recycling and composting of organic waste
- Informal sector “zabbaleen” practice solid waste sorting, recovery and re-use.
- Some private companies lease non-operating composting plants
- For disposal: ISWM services are responsible for disposal in sanitary landfills or controlled dumping sites
Options for Improvement
- Establishing a national solid waste management law.
- Establishing an efficient cost recovery mechanism
- Supporting SWM projects that reduce emissions of Green-house Gases (GHGs) to receive carbon credits, using the CDM/PCF and GEF mechanisms
- Adapting new waste utilization technologies (e.g. biogas and waste-to-energy projects).
- Extending SWM services in the rural areas as a priority and involving NGOs and local contractors.
- Removing old accumulations in cities and villages and their disposal in environmentally and health safe locations.
- Construction of sanitary landfills and closing the open dumping sites.
- Developing and implementing a national policy targeting reduction of waste generation.
- Providing technical support to increase the efficiency of waste recycling plants and adapting the principle of extended producer responsibility.
- Capacity building of the governorates in planning, contracting, implementation, monitoring and follow up of SWM services.
- Integrating the informal sector in the privatization of the solid waste sector.
- Increasing public awareness to overcome wrong waste handling practices.
- Need for national program for source separation.